My mind is far too curious; always rambling from one thing to another and so I cannot dedicate this blog to any one subject. Therefore, I bring you my everything. All writings are subject to change as I see fit. I am always learning and improving, therefore some works are worthy of re-editing and some are simply works I've moved too far beyond.

12/29/12

Music As Medicine



Music as Medicine


There exists three separate, but equally important aspects of being; the mind, body and spirit. And in each of these elements there lies the potential for an elevated state of being through the enrichment of music. Indian culture recognizes the extraordinary and very important potential behind the subtle nuances of music in this trilateral relationship. The emotive and complex ragas are a testament to the transcendence and healing response it can evoke in the listener. Every part of an ensemble contributes to a unified whole; a meditative release for the mind, a tensive shedding for the body and a transcendence for the soul. There is no room for conceit or overindulgence in a composition, for it would be considered damaging to its inherent nature and purpose. Compositions are as delicate as a flower in its spring bloom. They can be incredibly simple in their structure, but it is with the musicians and their unspoken extrasensory understanding that the truly mythical nuances lie, and precisely why such appreciation and pride is taken in musicianship within India. Now apply India’s time-old musical customs to the lightning fast advancements of the 20th century, introduce the music of the East to the music of the West, and neither culture would ever exist in the same way.
I’ve always had a mad hunger to experience things, just as Kerouac valued in his classic novel, “mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything at the same time.” And even when the opportunity to manifest these urges isn’t readily at my fingertips, it’s in my experience that it can be boldly experienced through the artistic bloodletting of music. Every strum of the guitar, beat of the drum or stroke of the piano is an expression leading your mind to busy streets or barren wastelands, sometimes transporting you all within the span of seconds. Music has always been an integral therapeutic device of mine when it’s come to reaching for a better state of mind. The rhythm of the music is bound to the pulse of the earth; the heartbeat emanates from the ground up in all 360 degrees. The mad desert caravan drum beats of Guy Blakeslee’s “Valium Blues” will echo straight through the earth’s crust and core to the heart of the Sahara where visions of mad adventure and grandeur intoxicate the mind and body. It’s the poor man’s travel agent, health insurance, doctor, therapist; call it what you will, I call it medicine.
            It was with Ravi Shankar’s family history that we have to owe much of our embrace in the realm of world music, and its small sublet, “Psychedelia.” He toured Europe among dance and musical groups with his siblings at a very young age. He became acquainted with numerous traditional Indian instruments as well as taking to Western influences such as Classical, Jazz and cinema. He was forced to resign from dancing, and return home, yet the influence of the West had not dissipated. He took up study in Indian Classical under the rigorous teachings of Allauddin Khan in the traditional gurukul system (Ramchandani). It was with his chance introduction to Western violinist Yehudi Menuhin, and a series of consequential differences that Ravi would be convinced to return to the UK to perform and educate for audiences in the late 50’s. He recorded an LP in London titled “Three Ragas” in 1956, and began to garner attention for Indian Classical. It wasn’t until the 60’s that the fire burned hot for a change in the musical landscape.
There are two figures I give enormous credit to. Without their mad hunger for everything on this green earth at once we wouldn’t have apparitions of Vishnu and Krishna channeled through the sitar plucking of “Love You Too” or the brittle beauty in the pained bent strings of the wayfaring “No Expectations.” George Harrison took up the Sitar, and with that he forged together two realms of existence as one; he brought the east to the west. He and Brian Jones were both men, mad to live, and constantly famished, but the paths they walked were very different, and very much defined their places in musical history; they outlined all essential aspects when concerning our “Psychedelia.”
Their mission was to be taken to another time and place through their instruments. George, Brian, and their respective bands mingled with the same relative influences, so once the neighborhood friendly Beatles and diabolical Rolling Stones hit the states they were no exception to the excesses of the fast lane. It’s hard to justify the means by which their inspiration for grander sounds was unlocked, but let’s face it; man has never been a stranger to drugs as a means of escape or even enlightenment. Peyote is testament to that. They found themselves ensnared by the drug frenzy of the sixties, which no doubt opened their eyes to an eternity. George was left empty by the vacuum of this culture his music was creating; sounds of enlightenment for deaf, ignorant ears. He continued onward with his investment in the sounds and ideas of the world, but it was no longer his gift to the world, it was a personal self-fulfilling affair that he rather allowed us into. He was never afraid of investigating the great unknown, and what he developed was a medicine for the mind that knows no bounds as long as mankind continues on as a species capable of abstract, complex thought.
Brian Jones’ legacy is far less motivating. His ambition was enormous, but consumed by excess. His path tells the better known story of what the world knows as Psychedelia. Without his influence the landscape of Rock and Roll, and its predecessors like Blues and Country wouldn’t be nearly as ambitious or fulfilled by a thousand miles, but the tragedy lies in the human condition, and no amount of enlightenment could steer him from the spectacle of being a rich artist without limits. Like Jones, the excess took many brilliant minds, and muddled the very point behind this new exploration in the curative powers of music. It’s given some very credible artists a very bad name by mere association, and it’s precisely why the Kraut Rock movement coined their motto “music is the drug” for disassociation. It would be very easy to dismiss the quite impressive artistic merit, and label a nineteen minute track of droned out instruments as druggy-rock. It all stems from, and attempts to lead straight back to the original curative properties that our Psychedelia was bred for.
It’s thanks to the friendship between Ravi and George that a massive scale cross-pollination of music erupted. Jazz took serious inspirational cues from the Raga, and especially redefined the concept of improvisation, which is so vitally important within Indian music, but differs tremendously from our own ideas. One such album that displays this influence is “Journey in Satchidananda” by Alice Coltrane, composed after the death of her husband, John Coltrane three years previous (Kelsey). It’s composed in a strong meditative mode; the title track introduced with a repetitive bass line and a drone that balances between its two essential notes while the sympathetic strings echo and elongate the growing ecstasy, finally allowing for the xylophone to ease our ears into the role of the saxophone as it teeters and tumbles over and around the shakers and percussions. The Saxophone, Xylophone and percussions balance, trade and mingle for nearly seven minutes, creating euphoria and easing tension as if the players are communicating beyond words. The album continues much in this same way, revealing to the listener a world in which the mind can rise above the body, and allow for it to heal in all the ways that our conscious troubled minds cannot through a meditative state. Coltrane was a devotee of the Indian guru Sathya Sai Baba, and she continued with her studies of this cosmic realm in music until her passing away in 2007 (Turiyasangitananda).
The pollination wasn’t exclusive to artists of the West by any means. The influences went both ways. Ananda Shankar, the nephew of Ravi Shankar, was well renowned for his fusing of East and West (Ramchandani) as well as the fusing between different ethnic styles from within. He displayed not just an understanding, but a very deep and great appreciation for the various young and budding genres that made Western music increasingly unique. His travels to Los Angeles in the late 60’s found him collaborating with greats like Jimi Hendrix, and releasing his first self-titled album. It featured original Indian Classical compositions and two covers of modern titles, “Jumping Jack Flash” and “Light My Fire,” both very spirited interpretations of some now-staples of Western music. His understanding of sitar and the tabla crossed with the very Western moog synthesizer (which he puts to full use), and the interaction between is fascinating. The instruments don’t sound as if they’re caged within a studio, but instead given free roam to expand as vast and far as their nature could imagine.
It wasn’t until 1975 that Ananda really put on display the truly epic powers of musical fusion he had at his will. “Ananda Shanker, And His Music” starts off with “Streets of Calcutta” and leering Moog tones. Right away the drums kick off with a fast and furious beat, tipped with a prancing Moog melody glazed straight across the top of the lower Moog tones. Then the electric guitar kicks the door down with a funk driven line that leads Ananda and his sitar plucking fingers away. The moog even seems to vocalize with the sitar and the guitar in various exchanges throughout the song; drums communicate back and forth between tabla and mridangam. The album pushes on borrowing generously from the West in forms of Funk, Jazz and Rock. He seems to have even oriented a sitar riff into his track “Renunciation,” which also features electric guitar, the source of The Riff in the West. Roles are dealt differently in Ananda’s work. His final album “Walking On” was released in 2000, a collaboration with London DJ State of Bengal, which saw his music taken into even more progressive Western territory with Break Beat and Hip-Hop.
Not all fusions were based on instrumental aesthetics. One very important aspect of Indian music is lyrical delivery, which can be meditative, healing, and increases one’s karmic standings with the spiritual world. Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan was considered a vocal master in his native Pakistan; he was a singer of Qawwali, a devotional music of the Sufis. His vocal range, passion, and sheer mastery could silence auditoriums or lay waste to the world if he so chose. His message was a voice behind love, peace and understanding. For this reason he collaborated with nearly any artist who approached him about using his voice for projects dedicated to such a cause. He starved for a world of understanding and co-existence. Thanks in large part to Peter Gabriel and his Real World label, Nusrat’s voice expanded well beyond his Qawwali family’s party with several collaborations, bringing him to international status. His message of peace and love was finally getting proper recording treatment, and finding the ears that needed it.
Something must be said, however, for Michael Brook whom produced Nusrat’s music under the Real World label in the 90’s. The album “Night Song” in particular; the purpose of the recording isn’t clear at all. The recordings are so over-produced and Westernized that the raw spiritual quality and gusto of Nusrat’s voice is completely lost. It’s as if he’d been reduced to a whisper with Western instruments and pop stars (like Eddie Vedder and Alanis Morissette) to back him. As long as the music found its audience and inspired the right ears, the point is moot, but it simply shows that all music is absolutely susceptible to the hollow production aesthetics of the West. To this day, rare and unheard recordings are being pulled together and released to honor Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, one of the very finest vocalists in the history of recorded music.
I believe very much in the healing powers music has over the mind, body, and spirit. I had the privilege of a brief dialogue with Jón Sæmundur Auðarson of the Icelandic band Dead Skeletons on his battle with Hepatitis C, and the healing influence that traditional Indian music, more specifically the Mantra, has had over him. Nonni’s fascination with the power of the mind over the body took him to boundaries that medicine simply couldn’t reach, specifically with Eastern medicine (Auðarson), which emphasizes visualization of the body in its healing (Shayhorn). “Sá sem óttast dauðann kann ekki að njóta lífsins” or simply “he who fears death cannot enjoy life” is the mantra he has abided by, repeated in three different languages over exotic instruments and repetitive drumming rhythms for over eight minutes.  The concept behind this track alone has kept him on a road of transcendental purity for ten years, and thus cheating what was his supposed “expiration date” by leaps and bounds. “’The Dead Mantra’is my battle and healing song, and it works very well!” he proclaimed, and so it’s with the healing, meditative and spiritual powers of the Mantra and music as a whole that Jón is absolutely convinced he is still alive today. He aimed to pour this same foundation of healing he found into his 2011 album “Dead Magick,” tapping into the nuances of what makes Indian music such a powerful force.
He took this stone he was handed, and clutched it until it bled gloriously. He is now heading a record label of likeminded musicians and inspired artists, collaborating with groups like The Brian Jonestown Massacre (an infamously respectable collective), spearheading his own band, The Dead Skeletons, and selling his artwork, inspired by his fight, on a massive scale.
Music in itself is curative. Setting the entire psychedelic fustian aside, doctors are now agreeing that music can “not only help lower your blood pressure and slow your breath, but could actually assist you in battling serious illnesses.” It’s a practice that’s been exercised in some of our most ancient cultures, but hardly recognized at large. Research of “sound healing” has established a scientific link between music and its ability to impact the body at the cellular level based on 1990’s research studies conducted in Lincoln, Nebraska. Critically ill patients that listened to Mozart sonatas required less sedation, had healthier blood pressure, and left with overall cleaner bills of health than those not subjected to music.
It’s Jón’s album that influenced me in my fight against Glioblastoma Multiforme, a type of brain tumor. With his music’s influence, and now broadening my horizons with investigation of my own into the healing powers of music, it has provided a sort of gateway beyond self-pity and misery; transcendence, acceptance, and embrace beyond the quality of living that even those with a clean bill of health could ever touch. Therefore if I may make a personal voucher, the cross-pollination of musical styles and ideas between East and West goes far deeper than cultural enrichment. The benefits of embracing the sounds and ideas are positively mystical. George Harrison, Alice Coltrane, Peter Gabriel and Jón Auðarson all seemed to have recognized this, their lifestyles forever changed when they looked down the rabbit hole, something I’ve only begun to glimpse into.
What is it about music that creates this insatiable desire to escape the body? Are the imperfections of our own personal reality so much to bear? Be the reasoning what it may, there is a corridor, and walking down you will find a door of every size and shape. And when you find the door that meets your needs, walk on through and it will surely take you miles far and away if you let it. That, to me, is the power music has over the mind, and in the mind there exists the potency to heal stronger than any medicine a doctor can prescribe.

Auðarson, Jón S. E-mail interview. 09 Oct. 2011.

Kelsey, Chris. "Alice Coltrane on AllMusic." AllMusic. Web. 31 May 2012.            .

Ramchandani, Indu. "Shankar, Ananda." Students' Britannica India. Vol. 1-5. Google Books.                   Google. Web. 31 May 2012. .

Ramchandani, Indu. "Shankar, Ravi." Students' Britannica India. Vol. 1-5. Google Books. Google.             Web. 31 May 2012. .

Turiyasangitananda, Swamini A. "Swamini A.C. Turiyasangitananda, Spiritual Director, Sai Anantam Ashram." Swamini A.C. Turiyasangitananda, Spiritual Director, Sai Anantam Ashram. Saiquest. Web. 03 June 2012. .

12/26/12

My Bloody Valentine's bloody-long awaited follow-up!

For all those who are unfamiliar, My Bloody Valentine is a band of 80's/90's mythos that brought the Rock sub-genre of Shoegaze to its pinnacle of perfection with the album "Loveless." It's an album for audiophiles and music aficionados that realize the manipulation and mastery of sound is as important as the actual music itself. Kevin Shields, the perfectionist mastermind knows this, believes in this, and in 1991 he exercised it to its fullest extent. With twenty-two years between Shields and his masterpiece, his follow-up is ready to be loosed upon the world! READ ON: http://consequenceofsound.net/2012/12/my-bloody-valentine-complete-new-album/

Volunteering opportunities ahead!

As of Saturday, 12/29 I will be volunteering my time with KBOO FM, organizing their massive library that covers every sort of musical style you can imagine. This is going to be an incredibly educational experience as well as a great start to this next chapter in my fight against cancer. Getting my feet wet in the radio business has been a long standing ambition of mine so I'm thrilled. For those unaware, KBOO FM is a non-profit radio station that is run by The People, for The People and it's damn good listening. To learn more, visit KBOO FM and listen to a live stream!

12/24/12

The Sentinels of Tillamook Forest


The Sentinels of Tillamook Forest

            In the innocence and curiosity of my youth, my family took drives from Tillamook, Oregon, to what locals called "The Valley," but what was more formally known as the greater Portland metropolitan area. We lived west of a vast mountain range that severed Portland from the coastal range and kept us separated from our relatives. This was primarily what brought us to the valley. If it wasn’t a family function, then it was gift shopping or child bearing since my parents trusted the Tillamook hospital about as far as they could lift it off its foundation. Regardless of reason, I found a trip to the valley was always cause for celebration; it wasn't the destination I longed for, it was the journey itself; the sort of drive that's root of that tired old "are we there yet?" cliché.
            Most children develop a test of growth—a fool-proof indicator of time passed; pencil markings on the wall or what have you. My indicator was the ability to gaze out the window in order to take in all of my favorite mountains and spectacular sights along the drive. It all began when I was bound to a car-seat. My eyes were transfixed on the passing details outside the car window as I took in the subtle nuances of each new mile travelled. My parents were too engulfed in mindless chatter to appreciate my fascination, but these sprawling misty mountains became my friends and associates. I came to know and expect them with breathless anticipation and reverence. I noted where clearings began and ended, subtle rises and declines in elevation as rivers weaved along the highway and the subtle differences in the rough, weather-battered banks. Etched into my memory were fallen trees and large inclines that looked as if Mother Nature took a pencil and drew delicate, winding curves through the sand and straight into the water. With each drive the picture became more vivid.
            As time went on I grew out of the car-seat. Therefore I was dependent on desperate memory, looking up toward the window that I was still too small to gaze out; the test of time had begun. On overcast days I was more or less lost, lest we hit a spot of clear sky, and I regained my sense of place. Often my parents let me lay down in the back seat, unbuckled (not to discredit them as safety-concerned-parents, I wouldn't have had the same experiences otherwise); this gave me a slightly wider scope, especially nearer to my favorite portion of the drive—The Saddle Mountain region. I should say, it's not officially known as "Saddle Mountain," but my Grandfather knew it as such because that's exactly what it looked like. It became something of a legendary mountain for me. It was always visible from the valley floor in all its massive grandeur; those two fantastic humps that rose above the rest of the western mountains like a camel's back. I would ask my parents to stop the car so we could take pictures of it with a small and cheap disposable camera. I begged them to get the pictures developed before the drive home so I could do my best to track our whereabouts on our drive back to Tillamook. It sadly never really worked out since Saddle Mountain is only visible for a mere thirty-seconds from the very highest point of the Tillamook Forest drive. I never managed to get any closer than that thirty-second glimpse.
            The journey was unique in that it involved every single one of my senses to complete its portrait. The sounds of Creedence Clearwater Revival were chiseled into my eardrums. "Ramble Tamble" (Creedence) was always my favorite—the way it just built intensity, layer upon layer; I would request it just before we started climbing in elevation. It was and will forever be my mountain song. Then there were the smells; the nose pinching pine as we left the rot of Portland's Valley, and the dizzying, verily vile smell of cow manure we had forgotten but always reacquainted with as we left the forest and entered the rural farmland.
            The western threshold of Tillamook forest was guarded by what I thought to be its gatekeepers—two great sentinels that stood tall and proud. One mountain, a fat base dotted with massively expensive homes. Its peak reached up a good fifteen-hundred feet, thinning out in proportion as it rose. The peak was an obvious head, cocked forward and looking grimly straight ahead. It wore a badge; a very small "T" for Tillamook and with that it had all the authority the world could ever know. To his right ran the highway into Tillamook Forest and the opposite gatekeeper; the real muscle. He was even fatter at the base, and he forbade all but one house near his bottom. He stood about seven-hundred feet over his counterpart and where his partner lacked in upward proportion, he epically made up for in gluttonous gusto and forbiddance. A peculiar and fantastic hairline (of trees) formed a mohawk on his uppermost peak and disappeared down his back. It was my mission to observe these two God-like masses from another vantage point and complete the picture.
            I developed a habit of classifying mountains by their height and shape. As hard as I tried, I didn't have the vocabulary to give them proper names, but I drew out a damn well detailed mountain guide. As it grew thicker with pages, I grew inch by inch and with every trip I gained a better perspective through that car window. I was, again, able to track the rivers that weaved through the lush green mountains and the balding jagged daggers of the Saddle Mountain range, slicing and dicing the heavens. As years crept betwixt the car window and I, my enhanced scope provided an increasingly sad view to very subtle changes in the landscape. My old colleagues, now sad, balding and damaged. Pillaged by loggers. And river beds larger with new debris from storms long-passed. Clear-cuts that provided for roadside houses. These mountains were my sun dial—a fool-proof indicator for time gone by. With so much change, my mountain guide surely grew.
            I begged my parents to drive me around the countryside so that I could know my surroundings and classify, classify, classify! My mother never quite indulged me, save for a couple drives North and South along the coastal highway. It was my father, coming from a long line of loggers, who understood. Hunting was in his blood. He knew the lay of the land, where the logging roads began, and how to conquer the treacherous, narrow roads with impunity.
            One glorious morning I awoke to my father, fully dressed, prodding me. I could hear the chugging of his blue Chevy outside and his slight smirk was telling. My head was swimming as we hit the road, which started in familiarity. As he steered closer to the gatekeepers, we took an unexpected right-turn and the rougher road shook me straight down to my foundation. My eyes danced at all of the unfamiliar sights--my brain processing and mapping as we continued on.
            We veered onto a dirt road that led straight up a jagged and bald mountainside; this was precisely what I had been waiting for. At last I was to perform a reconnaissance of a higher order; my reconnaissance. Survey the land and complete my exploratory mountain journal! As we gained in altitude, my heart clawed its way steadily up my throat, but good God it was worth it. We rolled to a stop, where it seemed no through-traffic would interfere with my sudden discombobulation as I gazed out, in awe. My body felt weightless as I peered over a cliff, careful not to kick rocks over for fear of disturbing nature's perfect order of things. There were several adjacent boulders dotting the cliff side. Never mind natures perfect order of things, we decided (against our better judgment) to roll a boulder, twice my size, over the bank. Not another living soul for tens of miles, who would know?
            It took all of our man and child strength to dislodge it, but when it shook loose, good Lord did it go! We quietly observed the crashing and rumbling for a good solid two minutes with devilish smirks. Our boyish mission of mischief accomplished, we jumped back into the Chevy and kept climbing. I would almost classify the mountain's landscape a high desert as we gained in elevation, the difference a thousand feet made astounded me. Greens turned to browns, lush green fern dissipated to dry shrubbery. The jagged tops of mountains around us, all dust bitten, hard and raw.
            There they were; the gatekeepers!
            They stood as I knew them, at their posts like duteous servants of the wild—their backsides balding, flea-bitten and barren. My main concern was observing the mohawked hairline of the right-sided keeper. It ran the backside like a two-mile long triangle peaking at the summit. I hadn't fathomed ever being in a position to look down upon them. I wasn't worthy of their greatness.
            We continued, up and up, while the Chevy choked and chugged. Finally, he had to call it—any further and his engine would have been done for. We parked the truck on some very steep, awkward ground to let her cool off. Meanwhile, we took in the massive scope of our surroundings. My mind was reeling. We could have turned around half way into this trip and I would have been completely satisfied. My brain was processing; like some super-computer (for that time) spinning 3D models, places, rock types, landscapes; so much that I didn't want to crawl back down the mountain. These sentinels became all-the-more personal to me. I almost pitied them; mighty and yet, stationary without defense, and exposed to the violent earth. It was so that whenever we drove past them I felt a deep swelling in my heart. I couldn't explain why. Nevertheless, my sentinels were always at the forefront of my mountain guide.
            With so much time passed in my now, adult age of twenty-seven and having not witnessed my old chums of Tillamook Forest in more than twenty years, I felt it necessary to return in hope of recovering some old vital part of myself. Instead, I found my forest in an especially sad estate. Mist curled through its trees and clouded my vision. My mountains were plagued by scabs and balding wounds—the very wounds I voted to put a stop to in the 2004 elections. It was a sad affair like old friends returned from a long tour of war—disfigured and utterly changed.
            It left me longing for my mountain guide and simpler times. Where has my guide gone, since? I wish I could say. I think that it holds some essential key to who I am today. Not to say I should look into becoming an Orologist or Geologist, but more so regarding my character—always searching, thinking; never at rest. A strength as well as a weakness. I won’t give up on my friends, I am glad to revisit and hope for their return to greatness and beauty.


Creedence Clearwater Revival. "Ramble Tamble." Cosmo's Factory: 40th   Anniversary Edition. Concord Music, 2008. CD.

Rags to Rags

As published at It's Psychedelic Baby Magazine
Rags to Rags
The Lost Tale of Detroit’s Sugar Man
Writing isn't necessarily an option for me. In this case, it is a matter of bounden duty. To find something remarkable and make no remark is to completely defy human constitution. This is my remark. It must be as complete and thorough as can be managed so that you might understand its importance. It concerns a particular era in time and a man of that time, both of which I am very passionate for many reasons. But most importantly, it concerns us all as human beings living, breathing, and sharing this planet as well as the responsibility we hold for one another.
            It was the early 1960’s and America was in an uproar; steeped in communist terror and the threat of nuclear war abroad, while facing racial tensions and the fight of equality-for-all at home (1). The common folk found their voice in 1962 with a freewheeling young man and his meek guitar. Bob Dylan’s vociferant voice and observant eye took The Song further than could possibly have been imagined. It sparked a movement that swept the nation into a realization that they were free to let their voices be heard and change things for the better or lie on the tracks and die trying (2).
            Yet somewhere, with all the focus on war, politics, and equality the people seemed to lose sight of themselves, and a deeper problem was brewing. Their own standard of living; the measures of their so-called virtuous way of life was being lost to the excesses that their great rise above reprieve had worked to relieve them from. The great urban centers of America were sinking more and more into drug ridden, promiscuous slums and the great Folk voices from which the people had relied on were already on a slow decline. It was becoming a Dorian Gray (3) scenario—this grotesque thing was growing with a false sense of beauty and grandeur; a malformity that no politician or march can change, only self-recognition and action on an individual basis (4).
In 2006 I was working a record shop in Beaverton, Oregon. I was sorting rubbish vinyl from the gems; all the Barbra Streisands and Jimmy Buffetts from the Beatles and so on. My co-worker walked through the front door and approached me with his CD player and eager anticipation written on his face. He knew and appreciated my hunger for precious artifacts, and he was full of them. His headphones were buzzing with fresh new sounds as he handed them to me. I pulled them over my ears and what I heard sonically sculpted my renascence. Now, if I may digress, working in a record shop was an intimidating concept because I was presented with so much music it was positively dizzying. I was expected to know my stuff. If I confused Howlin’ Wolf with Screamin’ Jay Hawkins, I was absolutely done for. But this was different from all of that—here was something truly imperative and utterly essential for any so-called "music aficionado." “What is this…Who is this?” I stuttered. “Where did it come from!?” I stammered and stumbled. My words were gushing out as he shushed me sharply and whispered, “Just listen”:
Garbage ain't collected, women ain't protected.
Politicians using, people they've been abusing.
The mafia's getting bigger, like pollution in the river,
And you tell me that this is where it's at.

Woke up this morning with an ache in my head,
Splashed on my clothes as I spilled out of bed,
Opened the window to listen to the news,
But all I heard was the Establishment's Blues.

Gun sales are soaring, housewives find life boring,
Divorce the only answer, smoking causes cancer.
This system's gonna fall soon, to an angry young tune,
And that's a concrete cold fact.

The pope digs population, freedom from taxation.
Teeny Bops are up tight, drinking at a stoplight.
Miniskirt is flirting, I can't stop so I'm hurting.
Spinster sells her hopeless chest.

Adultery plays the kitchen, bigot cops non-fiction.
The little man gets shafted, sons and monies drafted.
Living by a time piece, new war in the far-east.
Can you pass the Rorschach test?

It's a hassle, it’s an educated guess.
Well, frankly I couldn't care less.
(5)
So much delivery in so few words! My soul was set ablaze. Here was a man that spoke the words that the great musical minds of the time wouldn’t dare. George Harrison saw this very same decline in humanity but chose to distance himself from it all rather than speak his mind (6). I was lost at sea, dying of thirst; I couldn’t go on without answers. I demanded to know who this great Redeemer was. He responded with one very simple name that I wouldn’t soon forget.
This prodigy was Rodriguez (7). He grew into the turbulent scenery of the sixties and witnessed the worst that his community, Detroit, Michigan had endured. His father was among the hard working lower-class, but he didn’t neglect to pass along his very intimate fondness for music. Rodriguez held an ecstatic love for the English language. With that, he acquired a strong, clear, independent mind with an ear for music, and true vision. He felt compelled to speak to the people and bring to light all the ugliness, but he needed a canvas by which to convey his words and ideas. He took up everything his father had imparted unto him and found the dim spotlight in 1970 with words that suited his manner of pity and contempt for the status quo in his city (8).
            What he produced was a twelve-track commentary on the state of the country; Cold Fact hit the shelves under the Sussex label. Everyone and everything of everyday life was sonically sculpted into the vinyl, exactly as he saw it. None were spared from his no-nonsense lyrical gunfire in pieces such as “This Is Not a Song, It's An Outburst (The Establishment Blues)” where shots echoed in every direction. The scathing “Rich Folks Hoax” displayed Rodriguez’s verbal breath of fire:
            The priest is preaching from a shallow grave,
            He counts his money, then he paints you saved.
            Talking to the young folks.
            Young folks share the same jokes,
            But they meet in older places.

            The sun is shining, as it's always done.
            Coffin dust is the fate of everyone.
            Talking 'bout the rich folks,
            The poor create the rich hoax,
            And only late breast-fed fools believe it.

            So don't tell me about your success,
            Nor your recipes for my happiness.
            Smoke in bed,
            I never could digest,
            Those illusions you claim to have going. (9)
He sought not to make friends or kiss anybody’s ass, but to open eyes and make a difference in the mentality of his beloved country. The rich, the poor, the middle-class; they all succumbed to the same sins and contributed to their inefficiencies.
            The words behind Cold Fact are like poetic daggers. Perhaps the deepest penetrating of all is the very first track, “Sugar Man.” Behind the narrative of a junky begging for his fix is a swirl of colorful psychedelic texture weaving through the song that makes it very alluring, almost like a lullaby. The use of panoramic stereo, which was very innovative for its time, is put to full use and creates dissonance with the subject. The lyrics create lustrous images, sculpting a mold for them to rest in but once viewed in hindsight, it warrants discomfort and the subject will want to pass it off as pure unsettling fiction. The song has a beautifully mellow composition; Rodriguez’s acoustic guitar crawls across the moog synthesizer, whipping around the head and whistling straight through the eardrums; the subject is rocked into a euphoric complacency. Reminiscent of the all-consuming addiction, it’s the cold fact of drug-use.
            Rodriguez borrowed none whatsoever from his Hispanic roots. Instead he waded into the psychedelic all-embracing folk-rock stylings of the sixties which were precisely what suited his delivery. With so much inspiration from musicians of that period stemming from psychedelic drugs, it would seem hypocritical if Rodriguez achieved this nearly perfect album under the influence of mind altering psychedelics. He maintained, however, that he had “never done hard drugs. [He] always preferred wine [him]self” (8). He didn’t owe any guitar melody or musical revelation to the ashes of a joint or the peak of an LSD trip.
His rapid fire rapping leaves the impression of a well-bred Bob Dylan crossed with the wild and spontaneous wordplay of a Nighthawks at the Diner (10) era Tom Waits. It all leaves a deep impression of the beat (11) spirit, not what so ever an impoverished Hispanic immigrant from the slums of Detroit. The real surprise though is the scope of his album considering it was his first real offering. The appreciation Rodriguez has for the art of a skillfully written, hard hitting folk song is obvious and yet, here are firm nods to both Jazz and Hard Rock, acoustic and electric guitar, horn sections, string arrangements and keyboards. Had this man been given more canvas, there is absolutely no telling what he could have done with it.
            Yet, as is the story with any musician in the budding of their career, Rodriguez walked away from Cold Fact with only lukewarm reception and moderate sales. He pushed on and recorded his second album, Coming From Reality in 1971 with an even broader scope but it failed to make a splash. The Sussex label folded in 1975 and Blue Goose Music in Australia bought the rights to his unsold albums. Slowly but surely, his songs began to gain radio airplay in Australia as well as various neighboring countries like New Zealand, Zimbabwe, and to a massive degree, South Africa where Cold Fact went platinum numerous times over. In light of this unexpected success, Rodriguez toured Australia but succumbed, again, to the hard times. His family needed him, and he was in no position to leave them on their own. His music, however, continued to spread with furious pungency.
He unashamedly embraced a life of modesty in Detroit. When the time seemed right, he ran for a small public office position—only fitting for a man that wanted to make a legitimate difference in whatever small way he could. He gave it his best shot, but alas, politics are another game best left to the angry big-dogs (8).
Meanwhile, completely unbeknownst to him, his albums were gaining cult status in South Africa. The whole of Cold Fact had become the symbol of anti-apartheid revolution and as unspoken a part of anyone’s musical collection as Abbey Road and Bridge Over Troubled Water through illegal trading. He assumed a mortal shade of Christ—he was the people's promise of absolution. His words spoke to the masses with a matter-of-factness that was unheard of, and so upsetting to the status quo that they were outlawed, which made his music all-the-more enticing (12). “His working-class vitriol emerge[d] on ‘Rich Folks Hoax’ and ‘The Establishment Blues’ where he state[d] matter-of-factly that ‘The Mayor hides the crime rate, council woman hesitates’ and ‘little man gets shafted, sons and moneys drafted’” (13).
His two albums were released on CD for the first time in 1991 in South Africa and needless to say, they dominated the market. It wasn’t until 1998 that his daughter accidentally stumbled upon a website dedicated to her father that he had learned about any of his fame (his music now having gone five-times platinum in Australia). He had yet to see any profits or royalties from any of his music (14).
            The website his daughter stumbled upon was run by two South Africans that were hard and determined to separate fact from fiction. Rumor was floating around the Southern hemisphere that he’d committed suicide after the final show of his last tour in the seventies by lighting himself on fire before his fans, among other stranger tales. But “after several months chasing false leads, [Craig Bartholomew and Stephen Segerman received a startled email from his daughter: ‘Do you really want to know about my father?’” (12). What followed from that point on was a whirlwind of shock and awe for Rodriguez. To find that his music had not only survived, but had been the inspiration behind radical positive social change for nearly four decades was more than he could have ever hoped for. He played his first-ever South African tour in 1998 for sold out stadiums and a documentary Dead Men Don't Tour: Rodriguez in South Africa was later assembled to document the epic scope of the event.
            Is the music still alive in Rodriguez, forty years later? While his untapped fame was wondrous, life as a musician is a ship he let sail long ago, but his love for it hadn’t dissipated one bit. His ultimate goal at this stage in his life was to live quietly and happily amongst his children and downtrodden Detroit brethren. “’My story [wasn't] a rags to riches story,’ Rodriguez [said], ‘it [was] rags to rags and I’m glad about that. Where other people [have lived] in an artificial world, I feel [I've lived] in the real world. And nothing beats reality’” (8). He hadn’t discounted the possibility of playing shows here and there, which is very fortunate for the world because Malik Bendjelloul hadn't given up hope that the world might recognize his significance. He had compiled forty-year’s worth of video and history for the world in his documentary Searching for Sugar Man released worldwide throughout 2012. It received rave reviews across the board and Rodriguez felt the tremors when he attended the Sundance film festival. He took to the stage after the screening and the crowd was in a fury.  "’You're one of the most beautiful songwriters I've ever heard, on par with Dylan,’ said a man [in the crowd], imploring him to play, as others around [him] shouted out, ‘No, better!’”. He couldn't ignore the demand any longer; it was time to play some music (15).
            He scheduled a very comprehensive tour for a then-seventy year old man. With the tour came plenty of media coverage including 20/20, an American primetime expose program (16). Shows were selling out quickly—it seemed that all of a sudden, everyone wanted a taste of “The Sugar Man”, but could he handle all of this at once? I was soon to find out.
            An experience I never fathomed possible was on the brink. Rodriguez scheduled a stop in Portland, Oregon. This man who I placed so far above the "legends" was playing a modest venue in my native Pacific northwest. It didn't end there. Before the October show, he surprised us all with an incredibly humble gesture—a private acoustic set at Music Millennium. It was there that the sheer scope of his newfound fame was revealed. It started as a modest line of five—grew to twenty—soon the line wrapped around two corners of the building. Every single person was there for one man—every single person utterly shocked by the turnout, as if their precious secret was a secret no-more. Nobody was surprised more than I. Six years ago this would doubtlessly have been an extremely slight turnout...or so I figured. Perhaps the world was more in tune than I gave it credit for. Most intriguing was the vast assortment of people; upper-class, middle-class, lower-class, punks, hippies, metal-heads, hipsters, jocks, grandmothers and grandfathers—it was baffling. There was an understanding shared by everyone there. This was special.
As the hour struck three the crowd filed in; a very tight fit. After what seemed like another half-hour of restlessness and suffocation, the lights dimmed and there he was; like a reincarnation of The Man in Black (17), he slowly shuffled through the valley of cd, shaking hands and graciously thanking his fans. His long and sable-black hair masked what wasn't already hidden by his impenetrable sunglasses. He was a walking silhouette; the crooked shadow of a man; a leader of the people.
            He grabbed the small hand of a child and led him up a flight of stairs to the studio, his father followed suit with a smile. They were given the VIP treatment that all giddy youngsters longed for. If I were any less rational, I would have been jealous but this event in itself was a gift that not many artists would trouble themselves with. He grabbed his guitar and tuned it quietly. His hand was worn, cracked and crinkled, looking as if it had lifted a thousand cinder blocks while it strummed chords that were familiar to everyone—these quiet reverberations brought the building to its knees with anticipation. He grinned nervously and began his set. It was here that any doubts lingering in my mind about his abilities were turned to dust. The music is still very much within him and it is every bit as poignant today as it was forty years ago, if not more so. We need his words and his music, now more than ever.
Society walks a ceaseless line bordering on self-destruction; therefore it is in a constant need of recalibration and reconsideration. Artistic expression is our most invaluable tool in self-reflection and some of the world’s greatest minds hold an affinity to the arts, so it is there that mankind would naturally look to for direction. Rodriguez harkens from a cold but factual place that nobody can turn away from. He comes from reality and he hopes to help everybody live there more soundly and rationally.


1. A detailed account of the trials and tribulations of the sixties decade.
"The Turbulent Sixties." The Turbulent Sixties. Pearson, 1995-2010. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. .
2. A detailed history of the importance of the Folk Revival.
Ruehl, Kim. "All About the Folk Revival." History of the Folk Revival. About.com, n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. .
            3. The Picture of Dorian Gray was a novel written by Oscar Wilde. It details a young man, Dorian Gray, that is admired for his beauty. He sells his soul by which terms, he will remain forever young while a portrait of himself ages with the passing of years. He pursues a life of debauchery and with each sin, the portrait grows more grotesque.
Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. New York: Modern Library, 1992. Print.
            4. A detailed account of the sixties drug culture.
Karatoprak, Emre. "All about the Sixties: Psychedelic Pop Culture of the 60's / Sex, Drugs and Rock'n Roll." All about the Sixties: Psychedelic Pop Culture of the 60's / Sex, Drugs and Rock'n Roll. Blogspot, n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. .
            5. “This Is Not A Song, It's An Outburst (The Establishment Blues)”
Rodriguez, Sixto, perf. "This Is Not A Song, It's An Outburst (The Establishment Blues)."Cold Fact. Rodriguez. Sussex, 1970. Vinyl recording.
            6. George Harrison was disenchanted by his fans and followers in San Francisco and from there on distanced himself from drug culture and began a period of self-improvement.
The Beatles Anthology. San Francisco: Chronicle, 2000. Print.
             7. Rodriguez was named Sixto being the sixth child in the family.
"Sixto Rodriguez - Searching For Sugar Man." Voices of East Anglia. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. .
             8. An interview with Sixto Rodriguez detailing his life and music.
Delingpole, James. "Sixto Rodriguez interview: The Rock 'n' Roll Lord Lucan." The Telegraph 11Aug. 2009. 23 Nov. 2012 .
             9. “Rich Folks Hoax”
Rodriguez, Sixto, perf. "Rich Folks Hoax." Cold Fact. Rodriguez. Sussex, 1970. Vinyl recording.
         10. Nighthawks at the Diner is one of Tom Waits’ first albums, comprised of mellow jazz and spoken-word vocals concerning inner-city life, booze and heartache.
Waits, Tom. Nighthawks at the Diner. Elektra/Asylum, 1975. Vinyl recording.
          11. The Beat generation was primarily concerned with fighting social conformity and embracing the impoverished with poetry. They are said to be the pioneers of hallucinogens as a writing tool.
"A Brief Guide to the Beat Poets." Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. .
             12. An article focused on Rodriguez’s legend and supposed “return from the dead”.
Petridis, Alexis. "The singer who came back from the dead." The Guardian. 06 Oct. 2005. Guardian News and Media. 25 Nov. 2012 .
             13. Rodriguez’ homepage and central hub for interviews and reviews.
Bond, Andrew. "SugarMan.org." SugarMan.org - All the Facts. Sixto Rodriguez, Apr. 1998. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. .
            14. An in-depth overview of Rodriguez’s success in South Africa and other countries.
Rubin, Mike. "Singer-Songwriter Rodriguez on New Documentary About His Secret Success." Rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone Magazine, 26 July 2012. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. .
          15. A recount of the Sundance Film Festival and the massive success behind the Searching for Sugar Man screening.
Yuan, Jada. "Sundance: The Electrifying Search for Sugar Man." Vulture.com. 21 Jan. 2012. 25 May 2012 .
           16. ABC News’ interview and recount of Rodriguez and his story.
Morales, Ed. "The Story of Rodriguez, the Greatest Mexican American Rock Legend You Never Heard of." ABC News. ABC News Network, 26 July 2012. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. .
           17. The Man in Black was one of the late Johnny Cash’s pseudonyms.
Graham, Billy. "Johnny Cash Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. .

12/23/12

The Life of The Mind



The Life of the Mind

Words are mystical unto themselves. To the untrained, unappreciative ear they are just solitary utterances that hold no meaning unless paired with a mate of two or three. And even that is just the beginning of what we are taught. As we grow older, we are coaxed into a world of complex structure with prepositions and predicates, compound and complex sentences; then the formidable paragraph! All of that, just to convey one solitary thought process before moving on to another knot of words, compound and complex sentences. But I admire a world beyond our perplexing stratosphere of language where, much of the time, words are used for no rhyme or reason what so ever.

OṂ MAṆI PADME HŪṂ
PRAISE TO THE JEWEL IN THE LOTUS
OṂ MAṆI PADME HŪṂ
PRAISE TO THE JEWEL IN THE LOTUS
OṂ MAṆI PADME HŪṂ
PRAISE TO THE JEWEL IN THE LOTUS
OṂ MAṆI PADME HŪṂ
PRAISE TO THE JEWEL IN THE LOTUS

When I was young and began learning the versatility and complexity of language, my mind was enchanted; I was bound to the mastery of this new realm with mental word exercises I created for myself. It involved counting syllables with right-left-right foot taps. Odd-numbered syllabics were most important and balanced; even-numbered syllabics left me feeling at odds, as if I was one foot tap away from being at peace with myself. It was such a potent force in my mind that it could only be described as an orphic mental Feng-shui, which I would later learn is a school of thinking in terms of balance. Modern Feng-shui focuses on the Qi (ch’i) as environmental and systematic awareness; essentially finding “the perfect spot” (Bennett). Without this balance, my mind would burst into anxiety. If I had a right foot-left foot-right foot, I needed to follow up with a left foot-right foot-left foot. There! Perfect balance. My yin and yang. Therefore, it became important for me to have a resource for substituting words with others that suited my needs, but were equally as efficient.

The word in itself is composed of various components that are capable of altering its purpose if used unwittingly. These components are syllabic, punctual, and karmic. The languages of the world have intertwined so heavily and broadly that cultures throughout history have inherited words, or parts of words, and with this, they also inherit the spirit of the word; as a part or a whole.
Nothing is without meaning. “No-thing” is very much in fact some-thing. There is something within everything and that is Kotodama; “the soul of language”.

OM TRYAMBAKAM YAJAMAHE
SUGANDHIM PUSHTIVARDHANAM
URVARUKAMIVA BANDHANAN
MRITYOR MUKSHIYA MAAMRITAT
WE MEDITATE ON THE THREE-EYED REALITY
WHICH PERMEATES AND NOURISHES ALL LIKE A FRAGRANCE.
MAY WE BE LIBERATED FROM DEATH FOR THE SAKE OF IMMORTALITY,
EVEN AS THE CUCUMBER IS SEVERED FROM BONDAGE TO THE CREEPER.

My muse; my undying love; Roget’s International Thesaurus. With each additional edition my adoration blooms. There is no word that can fully convey the feeling of this book resting in my lap and the power at my disposal. It is my morning coffee and my evening tea. Twenty-something bookmarks protruding the top of the book, sticky notes of every color; worn and flapping as I skim pages (none of which dare skew the thumb-index that is so vital to me). Roget’s was the unattainable object of my affection for many-a-year until I took the leap and made it entirely my own. It’s funny how something so fulfilling and inexpensive could slip my mind once adulthood paralyzing fist struck me down. It took me eight years of life in the real world before I would take up my pen, strike paper with ink, and thus remember the object of my affection, and it’s necessity.
My wonder never ceases in browsing its contents to satisfy that cramping need for balance in my skull. My Roget. My dharma.

No two syllables stand together by mere coincidence. “Some Japanese hesitate to pick up a kushi (comb) dropped on the street because it is associated with picking up both “ku” (suffering) and “shi” (death)” (Hara 125-160). It is, however, a matter of personal belief that allows these words to come to fruition and manifest destiny. “’A language synchronizes with the actual things or ideas it represents’ as those who hallucinate can see ghosts. In such sense Kotodama ‘exists’ as the pathologic phenomenon of hallucination ‘exists’” (Hara 125-160).
Man creates his own truth.

SÁ SEM ÓTTAST DAUÐANN KANN EKKI AÐ NJÓTA LÍFSINS.

WER DEN TOD FÜRCHTET KANN DAS LEBEN NICHT GENIESSEN.

HE WHO FEARS DEATH CANNOT ENJOY LIFE.

SÁ SEM ÓTTAST DAUÐANN KANN EKKI AÐ NJÓTA LÍFSINS.

WER DEN TOD FÜRCHTET KANN DAS LEBEN NICHT GENIESSEN.


HE WHO FEARS DEATH CANNOT ENJOY LIFE.

SÁ SEM ÓTTAST DAUÐANN KANN EKKI AÐ NJÓTA LÍFSINS.

WER DEN TOD FÜRCHTET KANN DAS LEBEN NICHT GENIESSEN.


HE WHO FEARS DEATH CANNOT ENJOY LIFE.

Having a limitless companion of words at my side, the entire world is my oyster and I will no longer live within the dark shucks of a yin without seeking balance; my yang. The world of language is becoming all the more fascinating as the days progress. The numerous variances of words I thought I had known are wiping clean my verbal slate. Looking back, I am surprised. I thought I had a handle that was exceptional but I was merely a novice with high hopes. My respect for the complexity of the word is much more profound. I see just how important every stroke is. There is no such thing as a useless word. There isn’t a mark that does not demand respect. There is a distinct arrangement for everything that will lend absolute precision to a complete meaning.

It is with this same strict, extravagant, all-inclusive ideology that the mantra is put to use. It serves as a sacred link to The Gods and a means of achieving higher understanding. It allows man the means to alter his sense of being, and shift destiny within the oneness of all things. Through repetition of chant, sacred prayer, or even song, the mantra serves to “[create] not only a sense of spiritual quietude and goodness but also captures the cyclic nature of time, an important attribute of Hindu cosmology” (Alves 139). Many of these mantras are thought to be handed down from Buddha himself. They serve as pleas for wisdom or peace of mind, and bravery in the empty face of death and tragedy.
Man creates his own truth; his actions are a direct reflection of his moral truth. He creates his own destiny with karmic goodness and good will, thus he has no reason to fear his future.

AKAL, MAHA KAL
UNDYING, GREAT DEATH
AKAL, MAHA KAL
UNDYING, GREAT DEATH
AKAL, MAHA KAL
UNDYING, GREAT DEATH

I have come to a crossroads at this point in my crusade of the mind. As I read; research; study; seek-out, and learn, a faint glow grows nearer to me with each passing day. My mind's cogs turn tirelessly; contemplations for which I shall not mention, but with these considerations the strange glow swells. While dissecting and coming to terms with life on a daily basis, this is my salvation; the gentle humming light. It is my answer to life's great riddle. It is the spirit of the word. Our wavelength to the Gods. The life of the mind.

OṂ BHAI ṢA JYE BHAI ṢA JYE MA HĀ
BHAI ṢA JYA SA MU DGA TE SVĀ
OṂ BHAI ṢA JYE BHAI ṢA JYE MA HĀ
BHAI ṢA JYA SA MU DGA TE SVĀ
OṂ BHAI ṢA JYE BHAI ṢA JYE MA HĀ
BHAI ṢA JYA SA MU DGA TE SVĀ
MAY ALL BEINGS BE AUSPICIOUS!
I MAKE MY PROSTRATION TO YOU WHO DESTROYED
THE ENEMY OF NEGATIVE LIFE CYCLE CHANGES,
WHO HAS THUS GONE TO THE STATE OF
ENLIGHTENMENT LIKE OTHER BUDDHAS,
WHO PERFECTLY ACCOMPLISHED THE QUALITY OF
THE BUDDHA,
THE SUPREME PHYSICIAN WHO IS FULLY LIBERATED AND AWAKENED,
THE ENLIGHTENED ONE, MEDICINE BUDDHA. BEDURYA, KING OF THE PHYSICIANS.

It is with the utmost sincerity that I believe our words bind us to everything in all of creation. We are but mortals on this earth and we have just an inkling of understanding for the power of the mind. It is an instrument that we take for granted in every single one of our smallest moments; it is not until we understand the power of word and the cosmic ability it wields that we could possibly appreciate what it affords us.

HARE KRISHNA HARE KRISHNA
KRISHNA KRISHNA HARE HARE
HARE RAMA HARE RAMA
RAMA RAMA HARE HARE

Bibliography
Alves, William. Music of the Peoples of the World. Boston, MA: Schirmer Cengage Learning, 2010. 139. Print.
Bennett, Steven J. "Patterns of the Sky and Earth: A Chinese Science of Applied Cosmology."Journal of Chinese Science 3 (1978): 1-26. Print.
Hara, Kazuya. "THE WORD "IS" THE THING: The "Kotodama" Belief in Japanese Communication." Dokkyo Working Papers in Communication 21 (2000): 125-160. Print.